Aperture: is a hole or an opening through which light travels.
Shutter: a device that allows light to pass for a determined period of time, for the purpose of exposing photographic film or a light-sensitive electronic sensor to light to capture a permanent image of a scene.
Exposure:is the amount of lightallowed to fall on each area unit of a photographic medium (photographic film or image sensor) during the process of taking a photograph. Exposure is measured in lux seconds, and can be computed from exposure value (EV) and scene luminance in a specified region.
Depth of Field:is the distance between the nearest and farthest objects in a scene that appear acceptably sharp in an image. Although a lens can precisely focus
at only one distance at a time, the decrease in sharpness is gradual on
each side of the focused distance, so that within the DOF, the
unsharpness is imperceptible under normal viewing conditions
F-stop:
An f-stop is kind of a combination of two
terms. First off, f/x.y is generally the notation used to indicate the
size of the diaphragm opening, or aperture, in a camera. Let me give a
little detail about how that notation came about, before I go on to
explain the meaning of a stop
Focal length: is a measure of how strongly the system converges or diverges light. For an optical system in air, it is the distance over which initially collimated rays are brought to a focus. A system with a shorter focal length has greater optical power than one with a long focal length; that is, it bends the rays more strongly, bringing them to a focus in a shorter distance
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